>> NARRATOR: In this historic election...

The political lives of the vice-presidential candidates.

>> Vance had this endless ambition to get somewhere.

>> This is a guy who is super competitive.

>> NARRATOR: Their influences and ideas.

>> The spirit of progressive Minnesota is alive and well.

>> A pragmatic problem solver, who really believes that government can and should help people.

>> I felt like the modern world was constantly in flux.

>> He feels that that the world is moving too fast, and it’s casting away its old rules too fast.

>> Everyone at that point was looking at him as someone who understood the working class.

>> He mobilized people to get out there and pound the pavement in a way that Democrats hadn’t before.

>> NARRATOR: Now on FRONTLINE, “The VP Choice: Vance vs. Walz.” >> You see two people who claim to understand, and speak to rural Americans.

But their lives and careers have been radically different.

(crowd cheering) >> NARRATOR: Two men vying to be second-in-command.

One a young firebrand of a new conservative movement.

>> From open borders to stagnating wages, the people who govern this country have failed and failed again.

(crowd applauds) >> NARRATOR: The other a governor and former congressman who championed liberal causes.

>> We'll build a country where workers come first.

Healthcare and housing are human rights.

>> NARRATOR: Both from the middle of America, but on opposite sides of the country's political divide.

>> We will, in short, make America great again.

>> NARRATOR: This the story of how they found their political voices... >> I'm ready to turn the page on these guys.

Say it with me-- we're not going back.

>> NARRATOR: ...and their unlikely paths to become vice presidential candidates ♪ ♪ >> NARRATOR: JD Vance began to find his political voice far from his roots: the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut.

>> The way that you could tell that JD was so different is, he didn't seem to get kind of sucked up in the power dynamic that exists at a place like Yale Law School.

It didn't feel kind of like he had come from the elite boarding schools and done all of the kind of resume-building activities that a lot of other people had.

He certainly didn't have the money.

>> JD and I met in the fall of 2010.

He was an affable guy, friendly, and he felt, like me, out of place in the Yale Law School environment, and I think that was our initial point of connection.

>> NARRATOR: As members of the class of 2013 at the prestigious law school, Vance and Sofia Nelson bonded over their upbringing in the Midwest.

>> We had very similar backgrounds, so we didn't do a lot of explaining.

It was more kind of, what are all these other people's worlds like?

A curiosity or an, a kind of a shock as to what we were surrounded by.

>> NARRATOR: He became friends with another student with a shared past.

>> We grew up in southwest Ohio, so we got to be friends, and we used to watch Bengals games together.

You know, not a lot, but occasionally we would go to a bar in New Haven and bonded over our Cincinnatiness and our Ohio State fandom.

>> NARRATOR: Vivek Ramaswamy would go on to become a wealthy entrepreneur and Republican presidential candidate.

>> I think JD was much more conscious of the environment that he was in as being different from the one that necessarily he grew up in or had lived in up to that point in time.

I do think that that created some tension in his own relationship with his experience at Yale.

But I think the fact that he was surrounded by people who had different experiences, and often different viewpoints, than people like me or him was probably good.

(train horn blaring) >> NARRATOR: Vance had arrived at Yale Law School after a tumultuous upbringing.

>> Vance grew up in this small Ohio city.

It had been a steel city.

It was witnessing sort of this post-industrial decline that was happening across the Midwest.

You know, his own grandfather had worked in the steel mill.

He had seen people lose jobs.

This was the opioid epidemic, as well.

So his mother had struggled with drug addiction.

His friends had struggled with drug addiction.

People were dying in his town.

>> Vance's mother cycled through numerous, numerous men and kind of failed father figures in Vance's life.

You can't separate JD Vance, who took his mom's name, from this fatherless childhood.

>> NARRATOR: Vance joined the Marines serving in public affairs, and deployed for six months in Iraq, another reason he would stick out at Yale.

>> I had just finished the military, and JD ran this group called the Yale Veterans Association, so he took us out for pizza the first night before school started, and basically said something along the lines of, like, "Hey, look, you're going to be self-conscious.

"You're going to feel like all these people "are smarter than you.

"And, like, it's just not true.

"And so if you can just kind of make it through these first couple of months, like, you'll settle in."

And that was really powerful to me.

>> NARRATOR: On campus, he was already gravitating toward politics.

>> It was just clear that he loved politics.

He loved talking about it.

He loved talking about policy.

He certainly was a conservative, but he was starting to question a lot of the orthodoxies of the mainstream conservative movement, particularly around the culture wars.

>> I think JD is somebody who has harbored real frustrations about the direction of our country for a long time.

I think that that boiled over a little bit during our time at Yale, and some of his frustrations towards what he would call elite institutions, like Yale, but I think it ran far deeper than that.

>> NARRATOR: In 2011, Vance found inspiration that would shape his future: Peter Thiel, the provocative and conservative billionaire tech investor, delivered a speech on campus.

>> Vance later calls it the most important moment of his time in law school, which is saying a lot.

He meets his wife at law school.

Thiel talked a lot about technological and intellectual stagnation in America.

Vance connects it with his long-simmering fear that elite society, as represented to him by his Yale Law School classmates, or some of his professors, aren't doing much for the vast middle of the country.

Thiel's idea of stagnation ends up melding with his own fear of Americans being left behind.

>> And so I can remember from that moment JD kind of having a strong desire to get to know Peter more.

I think what he saw in Peter was somebody who had created something from nothing and kind of forged their own way.

>> NARRATOR: It would all start to come together with the encouragement of one professor, the famous writer and legal scholar Amy Chua.

>> He was doing this paper with Amy Chua.

He submitted his first draft, and I think she said something along the lines of, "That's just, like, not very good."

And so Amy went back to JD and said, "Write about your background.

"It's really interesting and compelling, and you can make a difference with this."

And so that's what started it.

And then I think very early on, she read a first draft of that, and said, "Oh, man, you've got to meet my agent."

And so I believe that's the origin story.

>> NARRATOR: For Tim Walz, politics would be a second career.

For years, he had been a high school teacher and football coach in Minnesota.

>> Tim Walz is a very well-liked, gregarious high school geography teacher and football coach from the town of Mankato, Minnesota, which is a town of about, I think, 50,000-ish people, about an hour and a half southwest of Minneapolis in this kind of traditionally conservative area.

A more liberal, you know, high school teacher.

>> Growing up, it was rather conservative, you know?

So when a guy like Coach Walz comes in, he sticks out, right?

And you can, you can draw to that, because it's something, this is different.

>> He was very involved in, in the lives of students throughout the school.

He spent the better part of a month building the sets for the school play.

>> NARRATOR: Jacob Reitan got to know Walz when he was going through a difficult time at school.

>> Even though I was not out, a lot of people thought I was gay, and I got bullied as a result.

>> NARRATOR: Walz helped him start a gay-straight alliance student group.

>> There was a discussion of what I was experiencing, and it was thought that Tim Walz, being the football coach, being a well-liked teacher within the school, would help create a calming aspect to not only the fact that I was gay, but that there was going to be a gay-straight alliance at the school.

>> NARRATOR: Walz himself had gone to a small-town high school and grown up as the son of a school superintendent.

>> Tim Walz spent his formative years in a string of small towns in Nebraska.

And he's described these as kind of like dots on the map that few people ever venture into.

You know, the kind of communities where, for instance, in his graduating class in high school, there were, I think, 24 people.

And the way he speaks about it is that in small towns, people mind their own business and people look out for their neighbors, and that you should be respectful of other people's choices and defer to whatever they want to do with their lives, as long as they're not harming others.

>> NARRATOR: It was a liberal-minded outlook that informed his path into politics.

>> Hundreds of area residents gathered in Downtown Mankato to voice their opinions.... >> NARRATOR: The pivotal moment came in the summer of 2004.

He was a member of the National Guard and there was a raging debate going on over the war in Iraq.

>> My memory of it is, he felt President Bush and the Republican Party was on the wrong track.

And, of course, he's a National Guardsman at the time, knows very well what's at stake-- lives, treasure, all of that.

>> NARRATOR: Walz believed the war was going on too long and exacting too high a toll.

>> I think that was felt personally by somebody like Tim Walz, because he had been in the Guard.

It was affecting people in Mankato.

It wasn't something on the news overseas.

It was something at home that people were experiencing, too.

>> NARRATOR: Walz became a vocal supporter of Democratic Senator John Kerry.

>> For the good of Minnesota, America, and the world, do you want George Bush to be our next president for the next four years?

(crowd cheering) >> In 2004, President Bush came to speak in Mankato in a quarry.

(crowd cheering and applauding) And there were two students who wanted to go hear the president speak.

>> NARRATOR: Some of the students, also Kerry supporters, had publicly clashed with Bush campaign representatives over getting tickets, and Walz agreed to be their chaperone.

>> Thanks for coming.

>> And he really wanted to show them that you listen to the, to the president at the time, even if you don't agree with him.

>> First, I want to thank all the veterans who are here.

I appreciate the example you've set for our troops today.

>> Apparently one of the students had a campaign sticker for the Democratic rival, Senator Kerry, on his wallet, and one of the security officials at the rally saw that and sort of identified this group as a threat.

And then a confrontation ensued, and Tim Walz describes having become really upset that he and his students couldn't come in.

>> NARRATOR: The controversy made the local news.

>> Both of us were, and as Mr. Walz was, we were simply going to see the sitting president of the United States.

>> They were referring to their teacher, Tim Walz.

Klaber says that Walz was nearly arrested, but he was allowed to watch the speech in the company of the Secret Service.

>> That concerned Tim, as he later told me.

He says, "You know, I, I've gotta get involved.

"I've got, I feel I have to do more.

"I can't just let this go "that we're becoming divisive in a way "that is not the America we know or believe in.

And I think that I've gotta step up."

>> NARRATOR: Walz set his eyes on the local congressional seat in a heavily Republican district.

>> This was a district in which nobody expected a Democrat could win.

If you look historically, I think there was only one other example in the past century in which a Democrat became competitive and won this largely rural, conservative district in southern Minnesota.

>> Camp Wellstone is about imparting and teaching politics.

>> NARRATOR: His first step: a boot camp for aspiring politicians.

>> 'Cause we're gonna take back our country!

>> (cheering) >> Camp Wellstone was a wonderful opportunity.

You get together with folks who were running from everything from school board, state house, to federal offices.

You learn all the things that you wouldn't know in your first run.

>> NARRATOR: One of Walz's trainers was Peggy Flanagan, who had just been elected to the school board in her town.

>> Tim Walz walked into the training, and he's wearing jeans and a T-shirt and tennis shoes.

And he was, like... (imitating): "I'm Tim Walz, and I'm a teacher from Mankato, "and I want to run for Congress in the first congressional district."

And we were, like, "As a Democrat?"

And he said... (imitating): "Yeah."

And we're, like, "Okay, well, come on in.

Um, good luck."

And really, at the beginning of the training, I was, like... (incredulously): "Who's this guy?"

And by the end of the training, I was, like... (in awe): "Who is this guy?"

>> I'm not a politician and I never planned to run for office.

I've lived my life like most people, trying to do right by my family and my neighbors.

>> NARRATOR: He came out of the boot camp a newly minted politician with a long-shot campaign.

>> These stands held about 3,000 people.

That's a lot.

It's also the number of American soldiers who have died fighting in Iraq.

>> NARRATOR: He retired from the National Guard months before his unit was deployed and doubled down on his opposition to the war.

>> Nobody was giving him all that much credit or all that much...

They, they weren't really seeing him as a true threat.

>> Each generation gets called... >> And he talks about how he mobilized people in his student community, in his school community, and in his neighborhood to really get out there and pound the pavement in a way that Democrats hadn't before, and present himself as a different kind of Democrat.

And some of the pundits took note late in the campaign, but by then, Tim Walz was kind of on this rise.

(crowd cheering) >> Thank you, all!

>> NARRATOR: On election night, it paid off.

>> The hopes and promise of this country have been fulfilled tonight.

>> NARRATOR: He would go on to win the seat five more times.

>> When he was in Congress, you know, he really focused on his district.

>> Mr. Walz.

>> Thank you.

(crowd cheering and applauding) >> He really honed in on agriculture, veterans' issues, and local projects.

>> Gentleman is recognized for one minute.

>> Thank you, Mr. Speaker.

>> He was never somebody who was considered to be on the leadership track of anything.

And he really was not somebody who staked out one end of the, you know, party or the other.

He was not a progressive.

He was not a blue dog.

He was not there to become a star, was not there to make waves.

>> JD Vance, welcome to the "Newshour."

>> NARRATOR: It was the fall of 2016.

>> JD Vance is here.

He was raised in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio.

>> NARRATOR: The paper Vance had begun at Yale was now a bestselling memoir.

>> JD, thank you so much for being here.

I have read so many think pieces about your book.

>> NARRATOR: And he was a fixture in the national media.

>> JD, uh, thanks so much for being with us.

That sure doesn't look like the hills of Appalachia there behind you.

>> NARRATOR: His journey from a hardscrabble childhood to the Marines to Yale had struck a chord in the midst of Donald Trump's surprising rise.

>> So the book just came out at the perfect time when people were looking to sort of say to themselves, "What are we not getting about our country "and the way people within our country look at the world we're building here?

", to really understand that.

>> The Clinton campaign couldn't see white working-class voters going to Trump.

>> (chanting): U.S.A.!

U.S.A.!

>> NARRATOR: And on election night, 32-year-old JD Vance was called on to interpret what was happening.

>> What do they want tangibly to come out of this election?

>> Well, I think that tangibly what they want is fundamentally a change in direction.

>> Vance became the kind of "Trump whisperer," in part because a lot of readers wanted to understand the Trump phenomenon through the eyes of, of some of the voters that seemed to represent his base.

>> Can you explain why some of the poorest people in America would look at the billionaire Donald Trump and think, "Yes, he speaks for me"?

>> Yeah, well, let me just paint a picture of the areas where a lot of these folks live, right?

So on the one hand, you, you find that industrial job losses mean that it's harder to find a good job.

>> And Vance positioned himself as sort of understanding the cultural and economic angst that had driven a lot of these voters.

>> I do think they get a special bitterness from the expectations that they had for their own lives not materializing.

>> Yeah.

>> He just had kind of the entire world saying, "Hey, you are a voice "that can explain to us what this other portion of the population are thinking."

>> This obviously wasn't what you had in mind when you wrote this book, but now people have sort of called you this "Trump whisperer."

>> NARRATOR: But JD Vance hadn't been a fan of Trump.

>> I didn't vote for Trump.

I'm a "Never Trump" guy.

There is definitely an element of Donald Trump's support that has its basis in racism or xenophobia.

>> NARRATOR: In private messages that went public, he was even more blunt, accusing Trump of racism and comparing him to "America's Hitler."

>> The most sort of poignant metaphor he used at one point was, he called Trump a type of "cultural heroin" at the peak of the opioid epidemic.

And he said Trump was offering these people the sort of bliss, the oblivion that, like, heroin was offering people in communities that had been hollowed out by deindustrialization and globalization, that he was a sort of cheap hit that cured the pain.

>> There's something about Trump's offensiveness, something about his brashness, that is appealing to, you know, to the people I, I write about in the book, the people who grew up like I did.

And I'm not a Trump supporter, but I even feel a certain attachment, and, you know, I get a little bit cheery when he says certain things... >> NARRATOR: Some of Trump's rhetoric echoed what Vance had been thinking about since Yale and his exposure to Peter Thiel, who had become a major Trump supporter, drawn to Trump's disruptive brand of politics.

Thiel had also become a supporter of Vance, giving him a job in Silicon Valley and helping him make important connections.

(people talking in background) >> A dinner party is organized by an entrepreneur named Auren Hoffman, and Thiel attends.

Mark Benioff, co-founder and C.E.O.

of Salesforce, attends.

Sam Altman attends.

So you can see that JD Vance was getting introduced to all these powerful people.

I mean, there were multiple billionaires in that room.

And what Hoffman told me was that they all walked away really impressed by Vance, even though most of them were Democrats.

That he held his own in the conversation, which was all about the plight of the working class and the rise of Trump.

>> NARRATOR: With his voice now amplified on the national stage, and a wealthy benefactor, Vance would take the next step.

>> So you've moved back to Ohio, or are in the process of moving back.

With what intent?

Are you planning to run for office?

Are you going to keep on writing?

Are you, uh... >> Sorry, I didn't hear that question-- to the audience.

>> NARRATOR: He moved back to Ohio, where he'd carve out his place in American politics.

>> Everyone wants to know whether JD is going to run for office.

>> (laughs): Who's everyone?

(laughing) >> Everyone!

>> NARRATOR: In 2017, Megyn Kelly visited Vance at his home in Ohio to discuss his book and his political future.

>> It was obvious that he was getting a lot of buzz and that he could potentially have a future in politics, because everyone at that point was looking at him as someone who understood the working class better than anyone at that point.

>> He had started to make political connections with people in Ohio who were looking at this idea of being a candidate for U.S. Senate.

He was doing some investing, giving a lot of speeches, getting to know people in politics.

And it seems like he, he had his eye on that Senate seat or on some kind of political office, very much wanted to get involved and be in the arena in that way.

>> NARRATOR: Vance had once positioned himself as a "Never Trump" guy, but now he began to build a following in a pro-Trump movement calling itself the New Right.

He was featured at a prominent forum for conservatives >> The failure to use political power that the public has given is a choice.

>> NARRATOR: And he found another important ally who would propel his rise: controversial Fox News host Tucker Carlson.

>> JD Vance is the author of "Hillbilly Elegy," the best-selling book... >> That's where the voters are-- Tucker, at this point, before he lost his show, is the highest-rated host in all of cable.

He's getting millions of viewers every night, and his show is consistently an articulation of this anti-woke, New Right philosophy.

>> JD Vance, thanks for joining us.

>> And Vance was a regular on that show because he was so good at speaking to these ideas.

>> The standard Bush Republican approach of more free trade and more tax cuts for corporations, it's not just inadequate, it's maybe dangerous and stupid.

>> NARRATOR: The show was a platform for divisive rhetoric and conspiracy theories.

>> "White supremacy, that's the problem!"

This is a hoax.

>> NARRATOR: But that didn't stop Vance and others from the New Right from going on the show night after night.

>> If the Republican Party has a future, it will be organized around the ideas you just laid out.

Maybe led by you.

Or someone who thinks like you-- I'm serious.

>> The New Right was a new ideological movement that was really trying to put some coherent flesh and bones on Trumpism.

>> Are we for healthy communities, healthy families, or are we just going to constantly defer to corporate interests?

>> He and Tucker are both sort of articulating in tandem this New Right philosophy.

It's about bringing back manufacturing and stopping unfettered trade.

It's anti-abortion, anti-gay- rights in a lot of ways.

>> We elevate prostitution and pimping.

We sanctify abortion.

>> And it's about stopping immigration.

>> These visas do not improve American society in any way.

>> JD Vance very much believes that liberal elites have opened the borders and flooded American communities with immigrants who do not share their culture and who are a drain on public services.

>> Well, the role of our elites, fundamentally, is to be right about some of the big issues.

>> (laughs): Yes!

>> To make sure we stay ahead of some of these critical questions.

>> It became sort of back and forth.

JD listened to Tucker, Tucker listened to JD, and they were both in line with Trump and his goals for the country.

>> NARRATOR: With Carlson and the New Right, Vance's Trump transformation continued.

>> There's a debate here on how authentic Vance's transformation was.

Was it purely opportunistic?

>> I happen to think that we should be approaching China as we should've approached Nazi Germany in the early 1930s.

>> Was he just molding himself to the political climate and saying what he needed to say to get ahead?

The other side of the debate is, there's something authentic about his transformation.

I think the reality is, it's a bit of both.

I think people have a way of talking themselves into the thing that is politically expedient for them, but you come to believe it, right?

>> NARRATOR: Vance's transformation also coincided with a personal conversion: at age 35, he became a Roman Catholic.

>> So you were raised a non-denominational Christian.

I understand you were never baptized.

You've also said you went through an angry atheist phase, as you called it.

>> Yeah.

>> NARRATOR: Vance explained the conversion at a conference for Catholics.

>> But why did I become a Catholic?

I mean, there are all these things that I could point to, but, you know, one, I really liked that the Catholic Church was just really old.

(audience laughs) I felt like the modern world was constantly in flux.

The things that you believed ten years ago were no longer even acceptable to believe ten years later.

>> NARRATOR: Vance's friend Rod Dreher was at the baptism.

>> He never imagined he would become a Catholic, but he was quite serious about it, and we talked about how God would use him in the future.

Catholics in America are very deep, have a deep intellectual bench.

They look out for each other.

They help promote each other, they console each other, and in that world, I think JD found himself at home.

>> During the Trump years, Catholicism, I think, on a variety of, like, very straightforward, I think, really interesting levels-- tradition, return to a certain style of institutionalism-- really appealed to members of the right.

So you will notice, on the New Right, especially, there's a disproportionate representation of Catholics, and especially Catholic converts.

♪ ♪ (sirens blaring) >> NARRATOR: The day after Donald Trump's inauguration in 2017: a large demonstration at the Capitol protesting the new president.

>> One of the largest single-day protests in American history, speaking out against Donald Trump just one day after he took office.

>> NARRATOR: In the crowd was Congressman Tim Walz.

>> I remember running into him in this huge crowd right outside of the House office buildings.

And he kind of just shows up to check it out.

I think he just wanted to understand where his party was at this critical moment.

You know, the Trump election was a moment of just immediate realignment, and I remember him being kind of reflective in that moment and sort of going, "What exactly happened here?"

You know, I think about the fact that, you know, not too long after he was at that women's march, he launched his campaign for governor.

>> We're gonna file some paperwork and we'll be right back out.

>> He decided that the states were going to take a lead role in sort of repelling some of the ideas that, that Trump was pursuing.

>> Here we go.

>> And that was one of the points that really led him to think that, "Maybe I'll have more impact if I go back home and run for governor."

And, you know, he started to really build up toward that campaign.

>> Donald Trump has betrayed our values, but the fight back starts here, and I've never been one to just stand on the sideline.

>> NARRATOR: For a decade, Tim Walz had survived politically as a moderate.

>> The spirit of progressive Minnesota is alive and well!

>> NARRATOR: But now, to win a Democratic primary, he would need to move to the left.

He had one major problem: guns.

>> I'm Tim Walz.

I'm proud to stand with the NRA to protect the rights of sportsmen and gun owners.

>> When he was in Congress, his constituency really supported the Second Amendment.

There were a lot of hunters and fishermen and women in his district, and he was one of them himself.

>> Tim stood up time and time again for the constitutional rights of law-abiding gun owners and sportsmen.

It's why the NRA gave Tim an A rating.

>> Throughout his time in Congress, he had taken liberal votes.

He had taken moderate votes.

But he had an A rating from the NRA the entire time.

>> Breaking news tonight-- the deadliest mass shooting in modern American history.

>> NARRATOR: In the midst of the campaign, the gun issue kept forcing its way into the news, first in Las Vegas, and then in Parkland.

>> ...that they are responding to an active shooter at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida.

>> Guns become a core issue for the Democratic coalition.

Anyone with an A rating from the NRA is considered to, you know, have a scarlet letter.

>> NARRATOR: Walz was under pressure politically and personally, especially from his teenage daughter Hope.

>> He was proud of his marksmanship and he believed in the Second Amendment.

What changed is two things.

First of all, the people that he represented started to change-- far more voices asking for restrictions on guns, restrictions on Second Amendment rights.

And then I think the school shootings struck a note.

I remember the story that Hope had come home from school after a school shooting, and she was very unhappy, and they have a tremendous relationship.

And so I think those two things combined to cause Tim Walz to say, "I think I need to go a different direction."

>> On Facebook, Walz says that after listening to voices across Minnesota, he is now supporting a statewide ban on assault weapons.

>> What's been the response to your shift in this, in this area?

>> Yeah, well, I think it's come over time.

>> NARRATOR: On the local news, Walz was pressed to defend his new position.

>> These are things that don't infringe upon people's rights, to keep and bear arms in a manner that allows them to do what they need to do, um, but it does bring another measure of potentially-- and I am not naïve-- potentially stopping one of these shootings.

>> It was an argument that, that landed for people at the time.

And I think Democrats were ready to accept his explanation.

>> Give me the opportunity to, to earn your endorsement.

We will make these things happen in Minnesota... >> And it speaks to his skill.

I think it was a pretty masterful evolution, as they go.

(crowd cheering and applauding) >> NARRATOR: It would work-- he'd become governor.

>> Our democracy is strong tonight!

>> NARRATOR: But it wouldn't be long before an even greater political test... >> You're seeing how they just didn't care about this man.

>> NARRATOR: ...the protests that erupted in Minneapolis over the police killing of George Floyd.

>> A bystander's video shows a white officer pressing his knee on the man's neck.

>> Early that morning, I was on the phone with the governor saying, "Man, what are we gonna do?"

And he, and he, first of all, had a very human reaction.

Said, "My goodness, what a," you know, "I feel so bad for that man's family, to see their loved one killed like that on video."

He had a human reaction.

>> (chanting): George Floyd!

>> NARRATOR: Walz put out a statement, saying, "The lack of humanity in this disturbing video is sickening.

We will get answers and seek justice."

Ryan Winkler, a political ally in the state legislature, was in close touch with him.

>> We're on Zoom calls, and as legislators, we're trying to feed him information that we're hearing from people on the ground and concerns that we have.

It's important to remember that George Floyd is murdered in the middle of the pandemic, not even long after it had started.

People were locked down in their homes when this murder happened.

>> And when the reaction to it started, everyone expected there would be protests.

(explosions popping) But how that would evolve and develop in the middle of a pandemic was not at all predictable.

>> Chaos in Minneapolis.

>> NARRATOR: After peaceful protests turned into violent unrest, the governor faced a critical decision, one that would be heavily scrutinized for years to come.

>> Things escalated pretty much right away.

You know, riots broke out.

Big swaths of the city were destroyed.

And Walz is, as governor, the head of the National Guard.

And so the conversation became, can Minneapolis handle this on its own, with their police force and their firefighters, or does the National Guard need to be called in?

>> No justice, no peace!

>> He was feeling this kind of real, direct, gut-wrenching sense of, "I've got to make a call here, "there's probably not a good answer, and I'm going to do my best."

It was not clear to anyone what was going to happen next, and it was never clear, except in hindsight, that it was going to be necessary for the National Guard to basically lock down large portions of the city.

>> If you do not disperse and stop all violent, disruptive behavior, you will be arrested.

>> NARRATOR: After nearly two days of violence, Walz called up a limited force to help the Minneapolis police.

He took pains to explain the decision to the Black community.

>> Good morning, everyone.

This has obviously been the most difficult week in Minnesota in recent history, and, and maybe in our entire history.

>> Tim Walz is trying to figure out, "Well, "how do I both show support "for the folks who are out there putting themselves in danger to try to solve the situation..." >> I understand clearly there is no trust in many of our communities.

>> "...but at the same time, "show empathy to people who haven't had great interactions with the police of these communities?"

>> And I will not patronize you, as a white man, without living those, those lived experiences of how very difficult that is.

But I'm asking you to help us.

Help us use humane way to get the streets to a place where we can restore the justice, so that those that are expressing rage and anger and demanding justice are heard.

>> And he said, "Look, "I haven't lived this life in your shoes.

"I'm trying to come at it from the perspective, "I'm just trying to listen to you "and figure out, what do you need, "and how does that fit with what, "what the broader community needs in terms of public safety?"

>> You ain't never going to want to tell your son about this day.

I don't got no choice.

>> NARRATOR: But the deployment wasn't enough for some of Walz's critics, who wanted him to do more.

>> When I started publicly going after him, doing press conferences, because it was, like, you're, you're not moving.

You're frozen-- why are you not acting?

And we had a few texts in that time, you know, just because, you know, like, on Friday night, I said, "Governor, where are you?"

(explosion echoes) >> The police have been moving slowly forward... >> NARRATOR: Walz would soon have to double down and mobilize the largest domestic National Guard deployment in Minnesota history to restore order.

>> Every business for miles was just destroyed.

You know, so it was just, like, "I can't believe this is Minneapolis."

And it didn't have to be.

>> There's been a lot of debate about whether, had he acted sooner, and had he been more decisive in sending the National Guard to try to quell the unrest, whether some of the destruction that ended up costing hundreds of millions of dollars could have been prevented, whether he waited too long and hesitated.

And, you know, it's a question that has come back to haunt him now that he's on a bigger political stage.

(crowd cheering) >> NARRATOR: By 2021, JD Vance was finally ready to make a run.

>> And that's why I'm running to be your next U.S. senator for the State of Ohio.

>> By the time Vance runs for Senate, it was very clear how he thought he could reach the Republican base voters that he was going to need to win this primary.

>> "Your concerns about your own country don't matter "because you're a racist.

"That's why you want the southern border secure, is because you're a racist."

That's what they tell people.

>> He joins us tonight.

JD Vance, thanks so much for coming on.

>> NARRATOR: On Tucker Carlson's show, he'd make increasingly provocative comments.

>> We're effectively run in this country, via the Democrats, via, via our corporate oligarchs, by a bunch of childless cat ladies.

>> You cannot be a part of MAGA, you cannot be a part of the New Right, if you're not an aggressive, pugilistic figure, if you're not a provocative figure.

It's just mandatory.

And so, you know, if you're going to dive into Trumpism, you're diving into the pugilism.

You're diving into the aggression.

>> I mean... (chuckling): You know, transgender people waving the rainbow flag, with, like, six-year-olds gyrating in a parade in downtown New York City... >> NARRATOR: Some of those who knew Vance at Yale were alarmed by what they were seeing and hearing.

His relationship with his friend Sofia Nelson would rupture in a text thread over transgender issues.

>> I mean, I told him that, directly, that, "The man you're becoming, "the voice you're becoming, is so far "from the person that I knew, and I'm really sad by that.

"And I think you're, you're starting to harm real people."

And, you know, his response was, "I will always love you, but I really think "the left's cultural progressivism is making it difficult for normal people to live their lives."

We disagreed all the time, but there was never name-calling.

There was never this mean-spirited cruelty.

And so to see that tone happen, which-- I think it's both the substance and the tone that are important to acknowledge, right?

Because, yes, we evolve on issues, but do we devolve in the way we talk about people?

I've changed my mind on a lot of issues, but I, I haven't suddenly started being mean.

>> NARRATOR: Out on the campaign trail, Vance had the financial support of Peter Thiel, and was moving closer to getting the key endorsement he needed from the man he'd once compared to Hitler >> In 2021, Peter Thiel takes him to Mar-a-Lago to meet Donald Trump for the first time.

And Trump is very well aware of all the nasty things that Vance has said about him in the past.

So he knows he needs to make nice with Trump in some way.

♪ ♪ >> NARRATOR: Also at the meeting was another future ally, Donald Trump, Jr. >> Donald Trump, Jr., and JD have become great friends.

From what I've seen, they, they do text near daily.

They talk about their friends, and they talk about their kids, and they talk about political issues.

And when JD was needing President Trump's endorsement, or wanting his endorsement, I have no doubt that Donald Trump, Jr., was kind of pushing on his behalf.

>> He wants to convince Donald Trump that he's his own man, but also that he's a true believer, that he's come around to these positions that Trump speaks for, and that that's the reason that Trump should support him.

>> Are you a racist?

Do you hate Mexicans?

The media calls us racist for wanting to build Trump's wall.

They censor us, but it doesn't change the truth.

Joe Biden's open border is killing Ohioans.

>> His campaign ad was also very much about laying down a marker about what kind of candidate he was.

On the screen, it says, "JD Vance, America First conservative."

So he's positioning himself as a Trumpist, as part of the movement.

(audience cheering) >> NARRATOR: It worked.

>> You know what?

He's a guy that said some bad (bleep) about me.

(audience laughing, calling) He did.

Come on up, JD.

(audience cheering) (audience cheering) >> Now, now, now, the, the president is right.

I wasn't always nice, but the simple fact is, he's the best president of my lifetime and he revealed the corruption in this country like nobody else.

>> NARRATOR: Vance won the primary.

(crowd cheering and applauding) >> Now, this campaign, I really think, was a referendum on what kind of a Republican Party we want and what kind of a country we want.

>> NARRATOR: He would go on to win the general election, and immediately started making waves in the Senate.

Harris swore in 35 newly and reelected senators.

As President of the Senate.

She administered the oath of office... >> JD Vance, who was handpicked by former President Donald Trump took his... >> He has already had conversations with his colleagues on both sides of the aisle.

>> JD Vance really did not waste any time coming in as a freshman senator.

He didn't spend any time sort of going along to get along.

He immediately started looking for ways to make an impact in a different way than a typical Republican.

>> NARRATOR: He found it on an issue Trump had been railing about: U.S. support of the Ukrainian war effort.

>> This is not a good package.

We should vote it down.

>> When he entered the Senate, he was one of maybe a handful of Republicans who publicly opposed U.S. aid.

>> We stood up and actually made the argument that it had nothing to do with the American government.

>> McConnell was-- that happened at a lunch.

McConnell was shocked... >> I think he sees Ukraine as Iraq 2.0, in some respects.

Another instance where the U.S. is driven by ideology or hubris to intervene in a conflict that it doesn't actually have anything to do with.

>> You can certainly see Vance as a young senator seeking to become, in some ways, the most Trumpy senator.

>> NARRATOR: Vance took on issues popular with the MAGA base: proposals to prohibit gender-affirming care for minors, limit healthcare for undocumented immigrants, ban mask mandates.

>> It's not just that masks, according to randomized controlled studies, do no good, it's that they can actively cause harm.

>> You have this small cohort, and one of the things that they do is, they do write and, and put forward what you might call messaging bills.

This is what a MAGA-governing project would look like.

So you'll have the, you know, the kinds of legislative activity that isn't productive in the sense that it's, has any chance of becoming law, but it's informative in the sense that it tells you what they want to do if they attain power.

>> NARRATOR: Vance also aligned himself with figures like Kevin Roberts, a leading proponent of Project 2025-- a 900-page plan to fundamentally remake the federal government.

>> The 920-page plan would gut federal climate programs... >> Big cuts to corporate taxes and income tax for America's highest earners reversing the FDA's approval of the chemical abortion drug mifepristone, >> Mass deportations, hard line on immigration, dismantling DHs.

>> NARRATOR: It echoed some of Vance's own ideas.

>> I think what Trump should do, like, if I was giving him one piece of advice, fire every single mid-level bureaucrat, every civil servant in the administrative state, replace them with our people, and when the courts... >> NARRATOR: But, more recently, Vance has tried to distance himself from the plan.

>> This is the craziest fear tactic they're using right now-- I think most Americans couldn't care less about Project 2025.

I've reviewed a lot of it.

There are some good ideas in there, Rob.

There are some things that I disagree with.

>> Vance sees things he likes in it, I think.

Whether he would endorse the whole thing whole cloth, I would be very doubtful of that.

But he's friends with Kevin Roberts.

Kevin Roberts is one of his political confidants.

♪ ♪ >> NARRATOR: In the summer of 2024, with Donald Trump weighing who to pick as his running mate, JD Vance had the edge.

>> Trump is starting to make a decision about who he's going to pick for his vice president.

He's talking to everybody.

But the people who were the most forceful advocates for Vance was the Silicon Valley network.

And we're talking about Peter Thiel, Elon Musk.

People have told me that Elon Musk was one of the people who was pushing hardest, actually, to pick JD Vance.

>> (chanting): JD, JD!

>> Ladies and gentlemen, I am proud to announce that Senator JD Vance has the overwhelming support of this convention to be the next vice president of the United States.

(audience cheering) >> NARRATOR: After less than two years in the Senate, he was now not just a new conservative firebrand, he was the flagbearer and number two in the MAGA movement, right next to Donald Trump.

>> Vance was a way of saying, when Trump gets to the White House again, he's going to have backup.

He's not going to have a vice president who undercuts him or brings a different point of view.

He's going to have a vice president who's 100% on board or who even maybe wants to go further.

>> At this hour, NBC News can project a winner.

The Democratic incumbent Tim Walz has been reelected in the Minnesota governor's race.

>> NARRATOR: In 2022, with COVID and the George Floyd protests behind him, Tim Walz would have a sudden chance to remake his political profile.

>> Minnesotans made a conscious choice tonight to choose a positive future.

>> Democracy is live and well in this state.

Well done.

(crowd cheers and applauds) >> Anything's possible come January after voters gave them a trifecta: full control at the state capitol.

>> The wish list is long... >> Suddenly he went from having divided government that he had been working with for four years to having, narrowly, but complete control of government from the legislative side and his office's side, for Democrats.

>> Democrats will now control both the State House and the State Senate for the first time since 2014.

>> Let's make it happen.

Let's go, Minnesota!

(crowd cheers and applauds) >> They stunned everyone and, and sort of managed to say, "Hey, this is a moment that we have right now.

"We may not have it again, given the way the world is and how polarized things are."

And they wrote an actual list of progressive priorities.

>> NARRATOR: Peggy Flanagan, his one-time political trainer, was his lieutenant governor.

>> We literally told people what we were going to do.

Once we won and we had a trifecta, we just did the damn thing.

>> The state enacted an avalanche of progressive legislation last session-- expanding education funding, restoring voting rights to ex-felons, expanding Medicaid.

>> He very gleefully signed abortion protections.

>> A bill strengthening abortion rights in Minnesota is now officially law.

Governor Walz signed that bill today.

>> Undocumented immigrants will soon be able to get their own driver's license legally in Minnesota.

>> All Minnesota schools' kids will soon receive free breakfast and lunch.

>> It is now law.

>> (cheering) >> He signed stricter gun control measures, particularly universal background checks.

>> ...for private transfers of pistols and semi-automatic military-style assault weapons.

>> There you go.

>> That was the official moment when Governor Tim Walz signed recreational marijuana into law.

>> He even signed a bill to make Minnesota a refuge for transgender individuals and families.

>> So, with the governor's signature, it immediately made Minnesota a trans refuge state.

>> And so he morphed into what I say is a far-left liberal.

And his policies that he passed would clearly show that he tried to do those when I was the, the majority leader in the Senate.

I just stopped him.

And once he had total power, you got to see where he was trying to go.

>> So I think there's definitely a view in the capitol that Tim Walz, when he had absolute power, veered sharply to the left.

>> He wanted to contrast it with what was happening in some of these Republican states, where, where Republicans had the keys to everything.

>> They're banning books in their schools.

We're banishing hunger from ours.

(audience cheers and applauds) >> I just remember him putting this Little Free Library in the lobby of the governor's office, and it was there because he was going to put all the books that were being banned in other parts of the country in there to make the case that the other side was wrong.

>> NARRATOR: Walz leaned in to the attention, especially from the right.

>> It's one of the most progressive paid time off bills in the country.

And small business owners in Minnesota say it could completely wipe them out.

>> You come here illegally, and then you get free education.

Why are Minnesota Democrats doing this?

>> And future generations will look back at what this legislature did in horror.

>> He started to really turn his gaze and train his fire on Republican governors in other states, 'cause he is subtweeting Ron DeSantis, clearly going after Republican governors who are pushing these policies, and positioning himself as the opposite.

And I do think it got him noticed by a lot of people, because after that legislative session, you had national folks going, like, "Minnesota?"

Like, "Tim Walz?"

Like, "Who is this guy?

Look at all the stuff that he did."

(people cheer and applaud) >> Good One Minnesota morning.

>> There was a very ceremonial bill-signing at the end of session that famously-- at least in Minnesota-- featured a very loud drone that flew over and through the capitol as Walz and the legislative leaders walked down the steps.

>> For Governor Walz, a victory lap with DFL lawmakers buzzed by a campaign drone.

♪ ♪ >> You have a marching band and lots of people who were supporters of this agenda.

They're cheering it on.

So, it's this scene where you can see, not only do they understand the significance of this moment, but they're there videotaping it with a drone.

And so you have to think, you know, someone who's ready to make a video like that is, is maybe thinking how a video like that could be potentially used one day.

>> It's not about banking political capital for the next election.

It's about burning political capital to improve lives.

>> Former president Barack Obama recently tweeted to his 132 million followers, "If you need a reminder that elections have consequences, check out what's happening in Minnesota."

>> As somebody who had watched Tim Walz for a while, I'm going... "Okay," you know?

"I think this is somebody who maybe has his eyes set on a bigger job."

>> Gentlemen, thanks so much for being here.

Let's begin the debate... >> NARRATOR: That moment would come with a dramatic turn of events... >> ...billion dollars, I should say, in a ten-year period.

>> NARRATOR: ...less than four months before the 2024 presidential election.

>> I've decided the best way forward is to pass the torch to a new generation.

>> He said he will pave the way for a different Democratic candidate to face... >> He announced his endorsement of his vice president, Kamala Harris.

>> NARRATOR: As the Democrats coalesced around Kamala Harris, and potential vice presidential contenders began to emerge, Tim Walz went on television and catapulted to the front of the line with one word: weird.

>> These guys are just weird.

That's who they are.

I see Donald Trump talking about the wonderful Hannibal Lecter, whatever weird thing he's on tonight.

That is weird behavior.

Weird-- there's nothing... That guy's central casting of, like, a Bond villain.

They come across weird, they seem obsessed with this-- yeah, they're weird.

>> He was always fiery, I will say.

He was always passionate, fired up.

But attacking, throwing elbows, was not what he was known for, for doing best.

Certainly, like, coming up with the attack line that was going to be parroted by the entire Democratic Party, that was a moment where I was, like, "Okay, this is a-- this is actually a, a slightly different politician than the one I know."

(crowd cheers and applauds) >> Vice President Harris appearing in Philadelphia tonight with her just-announced running mate, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz.

>> NARRATOR: Nearly 20 years since walking into a boot camp for political novices and a long-shot bid for Congress, Tim Walz made his debut on the presidential ticket, his party's choice to be second-in-command.

(crowd cheering and applauding) >> That's how we make America a place where no child is left hungry, where no community is left behind.

(cheering and applauding) >> When you look at the choice of Tim Walz versus JD Vance, you see two people who, you know, claim to understand and speak to rural Americans.

They probably were each picked because it was perceived that they brought that to the table, but their lives and careers have been radically different.

>> NARRATOR: Now these two men's paths have converged... >> Two leaders from the Midwest made the case for their running mates, Donald Trump and Kamala Harris.

>> NARRATOR: ...as they face unprecedented scrutiny... >> JD Vance refusing to admit Trump lost the 2020 election.

>> Tim Walz has been accused of misstating some of his own resume.

>> NARRATOR: ...their fates tied to two starkly different presidential candidates... >> It's Donald J. Trump, and we're going to fight to get him back in the White House.

>> Character matters, and Kamala Harris has it.

>> NARRATOR: ...in an election that is a crossroads for them and for the country.

>> Go to pbs.org/frontline to read extended interviews.

>> He was starting to question a lot of the orthodoxies of the main stream conservative movement.

>> And by the end of the training I was like, who is this guy?

>> See our election special, “The Choice 2024: Harris vs Trump,” and more political coverage.

Connect with FRONTLINE on Facebook, Instagram and X and stream anytime on the PBS app, YouTube or pbs.org/frontline.

Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org >> For more on this and other "FRONTLINE" programs, visit our website at pbs.org/frontline.

♪ ♪ FRONTLINE's "The VP Choice" is available on Amazon Prime Video.

♪ ♪