>> NARRATOR: Inside Israel.

>> (speaking Hebrew): >> Anybody here?

>> NARRATOR: And Gaza.

>> (speaking Arabic): >> NARRATOR: With those living through the violence.

>> (speaking Hebrew): >> (speaking Arabic): >> NARRATOR: Now, a FRONTLINE special presentation... A Year of War: Israelis and Palestinians.

(dishes clattering, faucet running) (faucet stops) (sniffs) >> BAT-SHEVA (speaking Hebrew): ♪ ♪ >> Test, mic, test.

(speaking Arabic): (speaking indistinctly) >> INTERVIEWER (speaking Arabic): There's no need to rush through the events.

(speaking Arabic): Testimony that will help the audience comprehend what happened October the 7th.

(speaking Arabic): >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ (birds chirping) (insect buzzing) >> This is nice for me.

Perfect weather.

Here comes, here goes the sun.

(people talking in background) >> INTERVIEWER (speaking Hebrew): >> GALI (speaking Hebrew): (projector reel spins) ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ (people talking in background) (vehicle horn beeps) ♪ ♪ >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ (phone camera clicks) (man shouting playfully in distance) (shouting continues) (people speaking Arabic in background) >> IBRAHIM: (children laughing) >> KIDS: >> IBRAHIM: (vehicle horn honking) (projector reel spins) (people talking in background) ♪ ♪ (guns firing) (horns honking) >> Allahu akbar... (continues in Arabic) (crowd clapping) ♪ ♪ >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ (birds chirping, dog barking) >> MA'AYAN (speaking Hebrew): (laughs) >> TSACHI: >> MA'AYAN: >> GALI: >> (singing along to music) >> GALI: (Gali and Ma'ayan conversing in Hebrew) >> GALI: ♪ ♪ (birds chirping) ♪ ♪ (rockets firing) >> RADIO ANNOUNCER (speaking Arabic): >> We're following major, major breaking news right now.

Thousands of rockets have been fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel.

>> ...an unprecedented early-morning series of attacks on Israel.

>> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): >> Allahu akbar!

>> The Palestinian terrorist group Hamas launched an offensive by air, sea, and land at sunrise.

>> A group committed to the destruction of Israel and designated a terror organization by many Western governments.

(explosion echoes) >> Allahu akbar!

(shouting in Arabic) (gunshots popping) >> FIGHTER (speaking Arabic): (guns firing) >> SHOAM (speaking Hebrew): >> Ready?

>> You ready?

(speaking Hebrew): ♪ ♪ (dance music playing) (dance music playing) (man speaking on loudspeaker) (people talking in background) (gun fires in distance) ♪ ♪ >> BAT-SHEVA: ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ "I shoot."

(speaking Hebrew): ♪ ♪ >> HAMAS FIGHTER (speaking Arabic): (man speaking on radio) >> HAMAS FIGHTER: >> GALI (speaking Hebrew): >> HAMAS FIGHTER (speaking Arabic): Anybody here?

>> GALI (speaking Hebrew): >> Hey, anybody here?

Anybody here?

(glass shattering) Anybody here?

>> (speaking indistinctly) >> (speaking Arabic): >> Anybody here?

>> GALI (speaking Hebrew): >> HAMAS FIGHTER (speaking Arabic): >> GALI (speaking Hebrew): (man speaking indistinctly) ♪ ♪ >> Open the door!

>> GALI (speaking Hebrew, voice trembling): (gun fires) (crying): (sniffs) (people shouting) (sniffles) ♪ ♪ (motorcycle running) >> HAMAS FIGHTER (shouting in Arabic): (gun fires, shouting continues) (gun firing) ♪ ♪ (guns firing in distance) >> SHOAM (speaking Hebrew): (imitates rapid gunfire) (rapid gunfire popping) (rapid gunfire popping) (imitating) (rapid gunfire popping) >> Anyone here?

>> Anyone here?

>> Anyone here?

Hands up.

>> Anyone here?

(guns firing) >> HAMAS FIGHTER (speaking Arabic): >> Anyone here?

>> SHOAM (speaking Hebrew): (guns firing, bullets whizzing past) >> (whimpering softly) >> SHOAM: (exhales) ♪ ♪ >> GALI: >> Come with me, come with me.

>> SHAHAR (crying, speaking Hebrew): >> GALI: >> SHAHAR: (people talking in background) >> Come with me.

(speaking Arabic): (talking at once) >> GALI (speaking Hebrew): (inhales, crying) (Shahar crying) >> SHAHAR: >> TSACHI: >> GALI: >> SHAHAR: Is sister, is sister.

>> My sister died.

(Shahar gasping) >> Relax, relax.

(Shahar weeping) >> GALI (speaking Hebrew): >> Left to God.

>> What?

>> GALI (speaking Hebrew): >> SHAHAR: >> GALI: (Shahar weeping) >> (speaking Arabic): >> CHILD (speaking Hebrew): >> GALI: >> (speaking Arabic): >> SHAHAR (speaking Hebrew): (crying) (Gali speaking softly) >> GALI: ♪ ♪ (bird chirping) (sirens blaring) (electronic horns honking) (people whistling, sirens continue) >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): (firing) (car horns honking, people exclaiming) >> Allahu akbar!

Allahu akbar!

Allahu akbar!

>> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ >> AGAM (speaking Hebrew): (sighs) >> MAN (speaking Arabic): (crowd cheering, exclaiming) >> AGAM (speaking Hebrew): >> BAT-SHEVA: (fires) ♪ ♪ >> SHOAM: ♪ ♪ >> GALI: >> MOHAMED EL-RAN (speaking Arabic): (explosion roars) (explosions continue) ♪ ♪ >> 6,000 bombs have hit targets in the Gaza area, as Israeli forces aim to eradicate the Hamas militant group in the wake of Saturday's attacks.

>> Netanyahu gave a surprise address, telling the Israeli public that, "Our enemies have only started paying the price."

(people exclaiming) >> MAN (speaking Arabic): (people exclaiming) (vehicle horn honking) (people talking in background) >> Record.

(device beeps) >> GHADA (speaking Arabic): Oh, okay.

(speaking Arabic): (speaking softly) (man talking indistinctly) >> GHADA: ♪ ♪ (sirens blaring, horns honking) ♪ ♪ >> Israeli Defense Forces dropped leaflets across northern Gaza.

They read, in Arabic, "Gaza City has turned into a battlefield.

You have to leave your homes immediately and head south."

♪ ♪ >> GHADA (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ >> Jabaliya, the largest refugee camp in the Strip, is one of the most densely populated places on Earth.

>> Israel says that Hamas is hiding its leaders and infrastructure there and using civilians as shields.

>> Israel's furious strikes on Gaza are laying waste to entire neighborhoods.

The northern Jabaliya refugee camp is now a hellscape.

>> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ (shutter clicking) (explosions pounding) (people crying, moaning) >> IBRAHIM: (shutter clicking) (people crying and screaming) >> IBRAHIM: >> MAN (speaking Arabic): (people talking, exclaiming) >> IBRAHIM: (people talking in background) >> IBRAHIM: (fire extinguishers spraying) >> IBRAHIM: (people talking in background) (shouting and calling) >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ (explosion roars) >> (shouting) (explosions pound rapidly) >> (shouting) Allahu akbar!

Allahu akbar!

>> MAN: (sirens blaring) >> EL-RAN: (man calls out) >> EL-RAN: (people talking in background) (people talking, crying) (babies crying) (people talking in background) >> WOMAN (wailing): >> EL-RAN: ♪ ♪ (exhales) >> MAN: >> EL-RAN: >> MAN: >> EL-RAN: (men talking in background) >> EL-RAN: >> MAN: >> EL-RAN: (zipper opens) >> MAN: >> MAN 2: >> MAN 3: >> Stop?

Okay.

>> EL-RAN (speaking Arabic): >> Yeah.

♪ ♪ >> The Hamas-run Health Ministry in Gaza says Israeli strikes have killed more than 7,000 people.

The Israeli army says... >> The fate of more than 200 hostages remains uncertain.

>> In the center of Tel Aviv, the families of the hostages have set up a vigil.

>> Among many family members of those held in Gaza, there is anger at the Israeli government's handling of the crisis and growing cries to make a deal for the hostages' release.

♪ ♪ >> AGAM (speaking Hebrew): (explosion pounds) >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): (siren blaring) >> HABBOUSH: >> IBRAHIM: >> HABBOUSH: (people talking in background) >> IBRAHIM: (explosions pounding) (explosions echo) (explosions pounding) (explosion pounds) (explosions continue) (explosion pounds in distance, men groaning) >> MAN: >> (laughing) (speaking Arabic) >> IBRAHIM: (siren blaring) >> MAN: (people talking in background) >> IBRAHIM: >> MAN: >> IBRAHIM: >> MAN: >> IBRAHIM: >> RIYAD: >> CHILD: >> RIYAD: >> IBRAHIM: >> ISLAM: >> IBRAHIM: (man calling) >> ISLAM: >> (wailing) >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ >> Benjamin Netanyahu rejected criticism over civilian casualties, insisting that Hamas was preventing people from moving to the safe zone in southern Gaza.

>> The Israeli leadership is facing renewed international pressure to agree to a pause in hostilities.

(people talking in background) >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ (explosion pounds) >> Israel's ground war has started.

>> The ground invasion of Gaza follows heavy air strikes on the Palestinian territory.

>> Israeli ground forces are pushing into areas they say are strongholds of Hamas.

♪ ♪ (man shouting in Hebrew) >> SHOAM (speaking Hebrew): (gun firing) >> The Israeli military and Hamas are engaged in brutal fighting around Khan Younis, Gaza's second-largest city.

>> SHOAM (speaking Hebrew): (man exclaiming) >> (bleep) Hey!

>> SOLDIER (speaking Hebrew): >> SHOAM: (guns firing) (guns firing in distance) (gunfire continues) (explosions pound) (explosions continue) (people shouting in Arabic, blasts continue) >> MAN (speaking Arabic): >> IBRAHIM: (explosions pounding, people exclaiming) >> Israel says its forces are outside some of Gaza City's major hospitals.

>> Israel accuses Hamas of setting up infrastructure in and around those hospital facilities.

(guns firing nearby) >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): (gunfire continues) >> ...and Palestinian health officials have been reporting the sound of gunfire and bombings in the vicinity of the Indonesian Hospital.

>> The IDF say they were returning fire against shots fired from within the hospital.

(explosions echoing) >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): (man groaning) >> MAN: ♪ ♪ >> EL-RAN: (explosion pounds in distance) (people talking in background) >> MAN: (guns firing) (man speaking Arabic) >> EL-RAN: (rumbling in distance) >> MAN: (rumbling continues) >> EL-RAN: ♪ ♪ >> A temporary truce between Israel and Hamas appears to be taking hold in Gaza.

>> A sliver of hope in war-torn Gaza, as Israel and Hamas agree to a temporary ceasefire.

The deal allowing for the release of some hostages and prisoners on both sides of the fighting.

>> AGAM (speaking Hebrew): ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ (crying, speaking Hebrew) >> GHADA (speaking Arabic): >> ALINE: >> GHADA: >> ALINE: (explosion pounds in distance) >> GHADA: ♪ ♪ (child speaking Arabic) (car horn honking) ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> EL-RAN: (bird squawking) (people talking in background) ♪ ♪ >> The once-sprawling Al-Ahli Hospital complex is barely providing relief.

>> Israeli forces raided Al-Ahli Baptist Hospital in Gaza City overnight, one of the last functioning hospitals in northern Gaza.

They detained most of the hospital staff.

♪ ♪ >> EL-RAN (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> Israel's military said individuals suspected of involvement in terrorist activity are being detained and questioned.

>> Israel insists it treats detainees according to international law.

♪ ♪ >> GHADA (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ >> The U.N. Human Rights Office has said Israel's continued restrictions on getting aid in may amount to use of starvation as a method of war.

>> Half of Gaza's population now in a food emergency.

>> Israel says it needs to control aid to prevent food and fuel reaching Hamas.

>> GHADA (speaking Arabic): (people talking in background) (crowd clamoring, yelling indistinctly) >> GHADA: ♪ ♪ (people yelling in background) ♪ ♪ (voice breaking): ♪ ♪ (camera shutter clicking) >> Look who arrived to the middle area.

He went out from the Indonesian Hospital from the north of the Strip, and he lost his lens.

He went through a checkpoint for Israeli army, and here's Ibrahim.

>> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ >> (chanting softly) >> IBRAHIM: (phone ringing out) >> IBRAHIM'S MOTHER: >> IBRAHIM: >> IBRAHIM'S MOTHER: >> IBRAHIM: >> IBRAHIM'S MOTHER: >> IBRAHIM: >> IBRAHIM'S MOTHER: >> IBRAHIM: (muttering) (line beeping) ♪ ♪ (explosion roars) >> GHADA: ♪ ♪ (sniffs) (voice wavering): >> WOMAN: >> GHADA: (crying): ♪ ♪ >> (talking indistinctly, laughing) >> GHADA: ♪ ♪ (men talking indistinctly) >> Hamas prepares to release a fourth group of hostages.

>> We're now told by Israeli officials that they have the final list of women and children set for release and have notified their families.

>> BAT-SHEVA (speaking Hebrew): ♪ ♪ >> EITAN: (exhales) >> BAT-SHEVA: >> OHAD: >> EITAN: >> Hey!

>> (shouts playfully) >> BAT-SHEVA: >> (exclaims) >> BAT-SHEVA: >> EL-RAN (speaking Arabic): (people talking in background) ♪ ♪ >> SHAHAR (speaking Hebrew): >> GALI: >> YAEL: >> SHAHAR (sobbing): >> GALI: >> INTERVIEWER (speaking Hebrew): >> BAT-SHEVA: ♪ ♪ (siren wailing) >> IBRAHIM (speaking Arabic): >> MAN: >> IBRAHIM: ♪ ♪ (camera shutter clicks) ♪ ♪ >> President Biden's saying Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's disregard for innocent lives in Gaza is hurting Israel more than helping.

>> Mr. Netanyahu said Israel is committed to destroying Hamas and bringing the hostages home.

He warned of the potential consequences should Israel relieve its pressure.

>> And Hamas is out with a statement vowing to continue fighting against Israel.

>> The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights says the Palestinian death toll is a grim milestone for the world.

(explosions echoing) >> GHADA (speaking Arabic): ♪ ♪ (guns firing, people screaming, vehicle horn blaring) ♪ ♪ >> Go to pbs.org/frontline to see all our coverage of the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

Including an archive of interviews.

>> If someone says, “Do you want the war to continue or stop?” The answer is, of course, stop.

>> Is this a place where I can have a tomorrow?

>> You cannot ignore the Palestinian people.

>> Connect with FRONTLINE on Facebook, Instagram, and X, and stream anytime on the PBS App, YouTube, or pbs.org/frontline.

Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org >> For more on this and other "FRONTLINE" programs, visit our website at pbs.org/frontline.

♪ ♪ FRONTLINE's "A Year of War: Israelis and Palestinians" is available on Amazon Prime Video.

♪ ♪